Eating a low-carbohydrate diet reduces the amount of glucose entering the bloodstream, which can temporarily improve blood glucose levels. However, this approach does not address the underlying driver of insulin resistance—the ‘gum in the lock’ caused by fat inside cells.

Moreover, low-carb diets often reduce intake of health-promoting foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while encouraging higher consumption of meat, dairy, eggs, and added fats. These foods are typically high in cholesterol and saturated fat, which can worsen insulin resistance over time.

In contrast, a low-fat, whole-food, plant-based diet addresses the root cause of insulin resistance while supporting long-term health. Whole plant foods are naturally low in fat, high in fibre, and satisfying, making it easier to manage blood glucose while enjoying abundant, nourishing meals. Plant-based diets have been shown to improve diabetes control, support possible remission—even in people who have used insulin for many years—and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and other chronic conditions.

Key benefits of plant-based diets include:

• Improved insulin sensitivity and possible reversal of type 2 diabetes
• Lower cholesterol and blood pressure
• Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and certain cancers
• Support for healthy weight management and longevity

Guidance from health organisations

Diabetes Australia, Dietitians Australia, and other leading health organisations note that low-carbohydrate diets may offer short-term improvements (around six months) for some people with diabetes. However, evidence for long-term benefits is limited, and these diets may carry health risks if they displace core food groups such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

In contrast, dietary patterns most strongly linked to long-term health are plant-forward, minimally processed, and low in red and processed meat. A low-fat, whole food plant-based diet follows these principles, helping to reverse insulin resistance, support cardiovascular health, and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Recap

• Low-carbohydrate diets reduce the amount of glucose entering the bloodstream, so blood glucose temporarily improves (managing the problem). They also displace health-promoting foods with those higher in cholesterol and saturated fats.
• Low-fat, whole food plant-based diets improve how the body handles glucose (addressing the cause).